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注 释: 〔1〕关于汉语的语义类或语义格,学界看法不一｡孟琮(1988)的语义格分为受事､结果､对象､工具､方式､处所､时间､目的､原因､致使､施事､同源､等同13类,鲁川和林杏光(1989)的“格系统”中有主体､客体､邻体､方式､根由､环境六种体,每种体又分为三种格:主体:施事格､当事格､系事格;客体:受事格､结果格､对象格;邻体:与事格､伴随格､关涉格;方式:工具格､凭借格､样式格;根由:依据格､原因格､目的格;环境:时间格､处所格､情况格｡钱乃荣(1995:273)认为汉语的语义格有施事､受事､与事､系事､对象､结果､工具､方式､目的､原因､处所､时间､致使､价值､比较､同源､关涉､经验､异同等十九种｡孟琮的分类基本包括了汉语的主要语义格,且影响较大,因此本文以该分类为主要依据｡ 〔2〕宾语为数量(名)的,不管为何种语义格,一般不能话题化｡下文除宾语必须为数量(名)的外,皆不单独讨论｡ 〔3〕宾语为疑问代词的,不管为何种语义格,都不能话题化,下文也都不单独讨论｡ 〔4〕趋向动词“去”除外｡ 〔5〕“大碗我吃”“小杯他喝”虽然有时可以说,但“大碗”“小杯”都是受事,表示“大碗里的东西”“小杯里的酒”｡ 参考文献: Cao,Fengfu(曹逢甫).2005[1990].Hanyu de Juzi yu Ziju Jiegou 汉语的句子与子句结构[Sentence and Clause Structure in Chinese],translated by Jing Wang.Beijing:Yuyan Daxue Chubanshe北京:北京语言大学出版社 [Beijing:Beijing Language and Culture University Press]. Chen,Ping(陈平).1994.Shilun hanyu zhong sanzhong juzi chengfen yu yuyi chengfen de peiwei yuanze试论汉语中三种句子成分与语义成分的配位原则[On principles of argument selection in Chinese].Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文[Studies of Chinese Language]1994.3:161-167. Chen,Ping(陈平).2004.Hanyu shuangxiang mingciju yu huati-chenshu jiegou 汉语双项名词句与话题—陈述结构[Double NP constructions and topic-connect articulation].Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文[Studies of Chinese Language]2004.6:493-505. Fang,Mei(方梅).1995.Hanyu duibi jiaodian de jufa biaoxian shouduan 汉语对比焦点的句法表现手段 [Devices for ex-pressing contrastive focus in contemporary Chinese].Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文[Studies of Chinese Language]1995.4:279-287. Gao,Shunquan(高顺全).1998.Jushou weizhi yu zhutihua句首位置与主题化 [Sentence-initial position and topicalization].Hanyu Xuexi 汉语学习[Chinese Language Learning]1998.5:10-14. Li,Dejin(李德津),& Meizhen Cheng (程美珍).1988.Waiguoren Shiyong Hanyu Yufa 外国人实用汉语语法[A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners].Beijing:Huayu Jiaoxue Chubanshe北京:华语教学出版社 [Beijing:Sinolingua Press]. Lu,Chuan(鲁川),& Xingguang Lin(林杏光).1989.Xiandai Hanyu yufa de geguanxi现代汉语语法的格关系 [Cases of Modern Chinese].Hanyu Xuexi 汉语学习 [Chinese Language Learning]1989.5:11-15. Lü,Shuxiang(吕叔湘).1986.Zhuwei weiyuju juli主谓谓语句举例 [Samples of sentences with subject-predicate predicates].Lü Shuxiang Wenji (disan juan)吕叔湘文集第三卷 [The Collected Works of Lü Shuxiang (Vol.3)],531-544.Beijing:Shangwu Yinshuguan 北京:商务印书馆 [Beijing:The Commercial Press]. Meng,Cong(孟琮).1988.Guanyu zhuyu de yuyilei关于主语的语义类[Semantic classes of the subject].Yufa Yanjiuhe Tansuo (si)语法研究和探索(4)[Grammar Study and Exploration (Vol.4)],89-101.Beijing:Beijing Daxue Chubanshe北京:北京大学出版社 [Beijing:Peking University Press]. Qian,Nairong(钱乃荣).1995.Hanyu Yuyanxue 汉语语言学[Chinese Linguistics].Beijing:Beijng Daxue Chubanshe北京:北京大学出版社 [Beijing:Peking University Press]. Wu,Zhongwei(吴中伟).2004.Xiandai Hanyu Juzi de Zhuti Yanjiu 现代汉语句子的主题研究 [A Study on the Senten-tial Topic in Modern Chinese].Beijing:Beijng Daxue Chubanshe 北京:北京大学出版社[Beijing: Peking University Press]. (责任编辑：admin) |