8)受害的公民、法人或者其他组织有权要求赔偿。[国家赔偿法] The aggrieved citizen, legal person or other organization shall have the right to claim compensation. [State Compensation Law] 程序语五,“并处(以)” 一般出现在“并处(以)+......罚款”的型式搭配(占全部语料93%)中,用于刑法中附加刑或民法处罚的相关描述,后常接具体惩处措施的叙述前提或“序曲”,来强行限制非法行为,如: 9)情节严重或者拒绝改正的,可以中止供电,可以并处五万元以下的罚款。[电力法] If the case is serious or in case of refusing to make rectification, the administrative department of electric power may suspend their power supply and impose a fine of up to 50,000 yuan. [ Electric Power Law ] 10)情节严重的,可以并处违法所得五倍以下的罚款。[动物防疫法] If the circumstances are serious, the offender may be concurrently fined less than five times of the illegal gains. [Animal Epidemic Prevention Law] 根据具体语料库检索,“并处”分句属于法规的制裁部分,可以解释触犯某一具体法规后需要承担的法律后果。 程式语六,“为了... ...” 或“为... ...” 的使用一般出现在:“V+(adv)+P”的句法结构中,如:为了 科学、有效地组织统计工作;为了 促进和规范外国投资者来华投资等等。使用位置上,其经常运用在法案或其他规范性材料的启示部分。节点词后面的高频搭配词依次为:“规范 27%”、“加强 23%”、“保障 13%”、“防止(制止)9%” 及“适用 1%”。不难看出,程式语六主要通过积极规范性语言搭配来实现阐述立法文本的目的和意义的功能。通过进一步考察,除宪法及其他个别特殊的法案外,此类程式语表达普遍出现在各类立法文本的第一条,如: 11)第一条为了规范保险活动,保护保险活动当事人的合法权益,加强对保险业的监督管理,促进保险事业的健康发展,制定本法。[保险法] Article 1 This Law is formulated with the purpose of regulating insurance activities, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved, strengthening supervision and regulation of the insurance industry and promoting its healthy development. [Insurance Law] 12)第一条 为了发展教育事业,提高全民族的素质,促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明 建设,根据宪法,制定本法。[教育法] Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to developing the cause of education, enhancing the quality of the entire nation and promoting the socialist material as well as cultural and ethical progress. [Education Law] 程式语七,“本法所称/本法所说” 的基本法律逻辑型式为:“本法所称+专有名词/专业名词... ...+是指”,用来表达对于某个或某类法律术语的诠释。其作用是进一步规范相应法律术语的内涵和外延。正如前文所述,在法律文本中出现的日常词汇使用都可能存在专业内涵表意。对于这些程式语的准确理解和使用就显得尤为重要。出于这样的考虑,程式语七主要用于阐明专业法律术语和概念的内涵,如: 13)本法所说的父母,包括生父母、养父母和有扶养关系的继父母。[继承法] The “parents” referred to in this Law include natural parents and adoptive parents, as well as step-parents who supported or were supported by the decedent. [Inheritance Law] 14)本法所称价格包括商品价格和服务价格。[物价法] The term “price” used in the law includes prices of all kinds of merchandise and prices of all kinds of services. [Property Act] (责任编辑:admin) |