①James Veitch,George Douglas Brown,London:Herbert Jenkins,1952,p.57. ②王佐良、周珏良《英国20世纪文学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2006年,第299页。 ③Ewen A.Cameron,Impaled Upon a Thistle:Scotland since 1880:Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2010,p.9. ④George Douglas Brown,The House with the Green Shutters,New York:McClure,Philips and Co.,1901,p.2.后文出自同一著作的引文,将随文标出该著名称简称House和引文出处页码,不再另注。 ⑤Sean Purchase,Key Concepts in Victorian Literature,Houndmills:Palgrave Macmillan:2006,p.xii. ⑥殷企平《推敲“进步”话语——新型小说在19世纪的英国》,商务印书馆,2009年,第504页。 ⑦Athol Fitzgibbons,Adam Smiths System of Liberty,Wealth,and Virtue:The Moral and Political Foundations of The Wealth of Nations,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1997,p.104.斯密四大美德的英文词依次是prudence,justice,selfcommand,benevolence,在斯密时代这四个词的所指和今天有很大的差异,以prudence为例,当时的首要指涉是“精明”,而今天更多地是指“谨慎”。所以,菲茨吉本的阐释并非过度阐释或者曲解。 ⑧Qtd.in Athol Fitzgibbons,Adam Smiths System of Liberty,Wealth,and Virtue:The Moral and Political Foundations of The Wealth of Nations,p.103. ⑨因为威尔逊父亲曾经靠捕捉鼹鼠卖皮毛赚些小钱,所以古尔雷将威尔逊戏称为“鼹鼠猎手”(mole catcher)。 ⑩此处的“东方与西方”是指苏格兰东海岸和西海岸。 (11)Francis Russell Hart,The Scottish Novel:From Smollett to Spark,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1978,p.135. (12)亚当·斯密《国富论》,杨敬年译,陕西人民出版社,2001年,第18页。 (13)Qtd in Andrew Lincoln,“Scott and Empire:The Case of Rob Roy”,in Studies in the Novel,34.1(2002),p.45. (14)Walter Scott,Rob Roy,New York:Oxford University Press,1998,p.67. (15)Robert Crawford,Scotland's Books:The Penguin History of Scottish Literature,London:Penguin Books,2007,p.532. (16)Francis Russell Hart,The Scottish Novel:From Smollett to Spark,p.401. (17)Timothy C.Baker,George Mackay Brown and the Philosophy of Community,Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press,2009,p.5. (18)Francis Russell Hart,The Scottish Novel:From Smollett to Spark,p.404. (19)John Speirs,The Scots Literary Tradition:An Essay in Criticism,London.Faber and Faber,1962,p.15. (20)笔者曾就lad o'pairts的所指问题向斯特林大学苏格兰研究中心Scott Hames博士请教,他回复说:在苏格兰方言中,pairts意为“才能”,lad o'pairts类似于标准英语中所说的meritocracy(知识精英)。lad o'pairts已然成为一种重要的苏格兰文化传统。在这种传统中,通常由好心而且知人善任的教师发现并激励和培养有能力的学生(通常是男生),而后说服当地民众出钱资助学生继续深造(比如读大学)。没有这种集体的资助,学生自己的家庭是无法负担深造所需费用的。 (21)Ian Maclaren,Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush,New York:Dodd,Mead and Company,1894,p.55. (22)David McCrone,Understanding Scotland:The Sociology of a Nation,London:Routledge,2001,p.99. (23)Ian Maclaren,Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush,p.9. (24)Ian Maclaren,Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush,p.17. (25)Neil N.Maclean,Life at a Northern University,Glasgow and London:John S.Marr and Simpkin,1874,p.vi.为了表示正规,麦克林还特意将“至善”写成了拉丁文"summum bonum"。 (26)Ian Maclaren,The Days of Old Langsyne,Glasgow:Kennedy and Boyd,2008,p.30. (27)苏格兰共同体和乡村是“绑定”的,这在布朗之后的苏格兰小说更为明显:吉本的《苏格兰之书》把共同体从乡村一步步推移到城市,与城市越近,共同体的衰微就越明显。乔治·麦凯·布朗笔下的奥克尼共同体植根于乡村,就有着和菜园派相仿的和谐,而斯帕克的布罗迪帮(Brodie set)、韦尔什的吸毒男孩(skagboys)则植根于城市,共同体随之就变得畸形。 (28)David McCrone,Understanding Scotland:The Sociology of a Nation,p.94. (29)Qtd.in Ian Campbell,Kailyard,Edinburgh:Ramsay Head Press,1981,pp.7-8. (责任编辑:admin) |