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三、结语 Haspelmath提出的比较概念与描写范畴这对概念，既有其富有远见之处，亦有局限性。其中，“比较概念是需要人为定义的，而不是去发现的”这一观念与成熟的经验科学学科的做法一致，且有利于换一个视角破除语言学中长久以来得不到解决的“连续体难题”；而描写范畴，基本上对应于个别语种中的形式类，本文不认同其关于个别语种描写的看法，提倡应当建立尽可能普遍的描写框架，这个框架可以是基于一些基本的比较概念来建立的。 参考文献 Brown, Dunstan &Marina Chumakina(2013) What there might be & what there is: an introduction to Canonical Typology. In Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina&Greville G. Corbett, eds.,Canonical Morphology & Syntax, 1-19.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Corbett, Greville G.(2008) Canonical inflectional classes. In Fabio Montermini, Gilles Boyé& Jesse Tseng, eds., Selected Proceedings of the 6th Décembrettes: Morphology in Bordeaux, 1-11. Somerville, MA:Cascadilla Proceedings Project. Available at: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/ decemb/6/abstract2231.html. Croft, William (2001) Radical Construction Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Croft, William(2014) Comparing categories and constructions crosslinguistically (again): The diversity of ditransitives. Linguistic Typology 18(3): 533-551. Dixon, R. M. W.(2010) Basic Linguistic Theory.Volume 2: Grammatical Topics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Greenberg, JosephH. (1954) A quantitative approach to the morphological typology oflanguage. In R. F. Spencer, ed.,Method and perspective in anthropology, 192-220. (Reprinted in International Journal of American Linguistics26: 178-94,1960.) Haspelmath, Martin (2010a) Comparative concepts and descriptive categories in crosslinguisticstudies. Language86(3):663-687. Haspelmath, Martin (2010b)The interplay between comparative concepts and descriptive categories (Reply to Newmeyer). Language 86(3): 696-699. Haspelmath, Martin (2011)On S, A, P, T, & R as comparative concepts for alignment typology. Linguistic Typology 15(3): 535-567. Haspelmath, Martin (2013) Argument indexing: A conceptual framework for the syntactic status of bound person forms. In DikBakker &Martin Haspelmath, eds., Languages Across Boundaries: Studies in Memory of Anna Siewierska, 197-226. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter. Haspelmath, Martin (2016) The serial verb construction comparative concept and cross-linguistic generalization. Language & Linguistics 17(3): 291-319. Jary, Mark &Mikhail Kissine(2016) When terminology matters: The imperative as a comparative concept. Linguistics 54(1): 119-148. Newmeyer, Frederick J.(2010) On comparative concepts and descriptive categories: A reply to Haspelmath. Language 86(3): 688-695. Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, & Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2016) Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. Stassen, Leon. (2011) The Problem of Cross-Linguistic Identification. In Jae Jung Song, ed., The Oxford H&book of Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 程工(1999) 汉语“自己”一词的性质，《当代语言学》第2期。 作者简介：2016年毕业于同济大学土木工程系，获工学学士学位。现为上海外国语大学语言研究院硕士研究生，研究兴趣为语言类型学和构式语法。 （本文转自微信公众号“今日语言学”，已获作者授权） (责任编辑：admin) |