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“比较概念”与“描写范畴”(4)

http://www.newdu.com 2017-11-16 中国社会科学网 叶子 参加讨论

    
        三、结语 
        Haspelmath提出的比较概念与描写范畴这对概念,既有其富有远见之处,亦有局限性。其中,“比较概念是需要人为定义的,而不是去发现的”这一观念与成熟的经验科学学科的做法一致,且有利于换一个视角破除语言学中长久以来得不到解决的“连续体难题”;而描写范畴,基本上对应于个别语种中的形式类,本文不认同其关于个别语种描写的看法,提倡应当建立尽可能普遍的描写框架,这个框架可以是基于一些基本的比较概念来建立的。
        参考文献
        Brown, Dunstan &Marina Chumakina(2013) What there might be & what there is: an introduction to Canonical Typology. In Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina&Greville G. Corbett, eds.,Canonical Morphology & Syntax, 1-19.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
        Corbett, Greville G.(2008) Canonical inflectional classes. In Fabio Montermini, Gilles Boyé& Jesse Tseng, eds., Selected Proceedings of the 6th Décembrettes: Morphology in Bordeaux, 1-11. Somerville, MA:Cascadilla Proceedings Project. Available at: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/ decemb/6/abstract2231.html.
        Croft, William (2001) Radical Construction Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
        Croft, William(2014) Comparing categories and constructions crosslinguistically (again): The diversity of ditransitives. Linguistic Typology 18(3): 533-551.
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        Greenberg, JosephH. (1954) A quantitative approach to the morphological typology oflanguage. In R. F. Spencer, ed.,Method and perspective in anthropology, 192-220. (Reprinted in International Journal of American Linguistics26: 178-94,1960.)
        Haspelmath, Martin (2010a) Comparative concepts and descriptive categories in crosslinguisticstudies. Language86(3):663-687.
        Haspelmath, Martin (2010b)The interplay between comparative concepts and descriptive categories (Reply to Newmeyer). Language 86(3): 696-699.
        Haspelmath, Martin (2011)On S, A, P, T, & R as comparative concepts for alignment typology. Linguistic Typology 15(3): 535-567.
        Haspelmath, Martin (2013) Argument indexing: A conceptual framework for the syntactic status of bound person forms. In DikBakker &Martin Haspelmath, eds., Languages Across Boundaries: Studies in Memory of Anna Siewierska, 197-226. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter.
        Haspelmath, Martin (2016) The serial verb construction comparative concept and cross-linguistic generalization. Language & Linguistics 17(3): 291-319.
        Jary, Mark &Mikhail Kissine(2016) When terminology matters: The imperative as a comparative concept. Linguistics 54(1): 119-148.
        Newmeyer, Frederick J.(2010) On comparative concepts and descriptive categories: A reply to Haspelmath. Language 86(3): 688-695.
        Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, & Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2016) Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.
        Stassen, Leon. (2011) The Problem of Cross-Linguistic Identification. In Jae Jung Song, ed., The Oxford H&book of Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
        程工(1999) 汉语“自己”一词的性质,《当代语言学》第2期。
        作者简介:2016年毕业于同济大学土木工程系,获工学学士学位。现为上海外国语大学语言研究院硕士研究生,研究兴趣为语言类型学和构式语法。
       (本文转自微信公众号“今日语言学”,已获作者授权)
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