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话说伊索寓言的诗体汉译(2)


    二
    后来看到 Francis Barlow(1626—1704)的105幅《伊索寓言》插图(1687年),图下有手写体的诗,文字的拼法比较古老,英译者为Mrs.AphraBehn(约1640—1689)。其中相应的几首寓言为:
    1)TheLyonandMouseTheRoyallBeastintangl’dina
    snare,Coudnotwithteethandclaws
    theambushtear,WhenakindhumbleMouse,the
    Corduntwind,AndbrokethatMasetheForest
    Kingconfind.
    2)TheTortoiseandHareTheHare,andTortoisbeingto
    runarace,TheHarefirstslept,depending
    onhisPaceTheTortoisstillkrepton,with
    motionSlow,AndwontheVictoryfromhis
    swiftheeldfoe.
    3)TheFoxandCrowTheCrowwithladenbeakthe
    treeretires,TheFoxtogettherpreyher
    formeadmires,Whileshetoshowhergratitude
    notsmall,Offeringtogiveherthanks,her
    prizeletsfall.
    这些诗是英雄双韵体,也即诗行长度为五音步,每个音步由先轻后重的两音节构成(称抑扬格音步),诗行双双押韵。105则寓言中74首为四行,超过四行的多因原作较长;但诗的长短也取决于译者,如下面三首《狐狸和鹳鸟》:
    YouhaveheardhowSirFox
    treatedCraneWithsoupinaplate.WhenagainTheydined,alongbottleJustsuitedCrane’sthrottle:AndSirFoxlickedtheoutsidein
    vain.你知道,狐先生宴请鹳鸟用盘子盛汤。鹳鸟也有招,回请时就用细颈瓶,只让自己嘴伸得进:狐狸在瓶外啥也舔不到。
    除Linton的这首限定五行(原作中Youhaveheard和译文中的“鹳鸟也有招”也是“创意”),其他两首的长短悬殊:AphraBehn的仅四行——这并非“双韵体”,只是每行都为五个抑扬格音步而且不需押韵的“素体诗”(blankverse):
    TheCraneinpurerevengethe
    FoxinvitesTodinner,anddispos’dherdeli-
    catesInaglass violl, which her beak
    aloneCoudreach,theFoxashame’d
    wentemptyhome.鹳鸟为报复,也请狐狸来进餐,但佳肴放在细长玻璃瓶子里,只有鹳鸟细细的长嘴够得到——蒙羞的狐狸只能空肚子回家。
    上面的五行诗和四行诗其实“体量”相当:前者13音步,音节总数却在40左右,而后者为20音步40音节。下面Thomas Philipott(?—1682)的这首“体量”很大:
    Thefoxthecranedidsolemnly
    inviteOnlytotantalizeherappetite,Fornothinghebutliquidfare
    providesThatspreadingo’erthetable
    thinlyglides,Ofwhichherspearlikebeak
    couldnothingsup,Whiletheslyfoxlicksall
    unkindlyup.Thecrane,thisfalseimpostureto
    requiteThefoxtonewcarressesdid
    invite,Butaglassvialdidhercates
    contain,Whichonlyshewithlengthof
    billcoulddrain.Thefox,thusfoiledwithher
    morepowerfularts,Tohisowncellwithscornand
    shamedeparts. (责任编辑:admin)